Sri Lanka
Indian tourists keep Lankan tourist industry afloat
Tourist arrivals from India and Britain are keeping Sri Lanka's tourist industry afloat amid war and hostile travel advisories from several Western countries.
Giant neighbour India as well as Britain, from which Sri Lanka got freedom in February 1948, accounted for over 40 percent of the 494,008 tourist arrivals in the scenic island nation in 2007.
India accounted for 21.4 percent of the arrivals and Britain 19 percent. With earnings over $410 million per year, tourism is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner for Sri Lanka.
India has been the top contributor from 2005. Indians outstripped Britons for the first time in 2005 with 113,323 arrivals out of a total of 549,308. India still is on the top with 106,067 arrivals, out of a total of 494,008, in 2007.
Unlike in the past, the Indian is welcome today in Sri Lanka.
"Indians stay in three-star to five-star hotels. And they do a lot of shopping, unlike Westerners. So the shops stand to gain from Indians. Indians don't drink, unlike the Europeans. The bars, therefore, make no money, but the restaurants, especially the Indian restaurants, do," S. Kalaiselvan, who heads the Sri Lanka Tourist Board (SLTB), explained to IANS.
He added: "Indians spend a lot on food. Indians also stay for a fair amount of time... 8.5 days being the average."
Restaurants serving north Indian food have mushroomed in Colombo. Star hotels now boast of Indian restaurants and organise regional Indian food festivals to cater to the palates of Indians.
The availability of flights to and from India is a major factor promoting travel. There are 125 flights per week. There are flights not only from Chennai and New Delhi but also from Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Bodh Gaya in Bihar.
It was the peace which gripped Sri Lanka in 2002-04 that awakened the new Indian middle class to the existence of the picturesque country as a tourist-cum-business destination in place of Nepal and Thailand.
In 2000, arrivals from India were only 31,860, and the number swelled to 69,960 in 2002, when Colombo and the Tamil Tigers signed a ceasefire agreement.
The vast improvement in economic ties between India and Sri Lanka since the free trade agreement (FTA) became operational in 2000 has been a major factor in boosting arrivals from India.
For instance, in 2001, when the Tamil Tigers attacked and crippled Sri Lanka's only international airport, there was a fall in arrivals from the West including Britain. But arrivals from India went up.
A good chunk of tourists from India are businessmen. In 2006, 67.4 percent of all tourists came for "pleasure" and only 17.8 percent for business. But in the case of Indians, the proportion was 48.7 and 31 percent respectively.
With the FTA, business traffic from India galloped. What was only 31,851 arrivals in 2000 is today over 106,000, a three-fold increase. No other country has registered such high growth.
"The flow is two-way with 150,000 Sri Lankans going to India and 128,000 Indians coming to Sri Lanka annually. This makes the Indian routes profitable for the airlines," Kalaiselvan said.
With the tourist board vigorously promoting the 34 sites associated with the Ramayana in Sri Lanka, the flow from India is expected to increase. "In two years, we hope to double the arrivals from India to reach 200,000 per year," Kalaiselvan boasted.
hindustantimes.com
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Asia: Poverty Forcing Teenage Girls into Risky Sex Work
Women and girls make up a growing proportion of those infected by HIV/AIDS. The United Nations estimates that every day 6,000 young people aged 15 to 24 become infected with HIV. A staggering two-thirds of these new cases are adolescent women. Economic, social, and cultural factors contribute to the disparity of new HIV/AIDS cases between men and women. At the end of 2004, UNAIDS reported that women made up almost half of the 37.2 million adults (aged 15 to 49) living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. The hardest-hit regions are areas where heterosexual contact is the primary mode of transmission. This is most evident in sub-Saharan Africa, where close to 60% of adults living with HIV/AIDS are women.
Child prostitution in India is on the rise, and one third of the sex workers are being under 18 years old. The underlying causes of child trafficking include poverty and lack of economic opportunities for young people, the low status of girls, high demand for commercial sex, cheap labour, weak law enforcement, discrimination and conflict. Surveys on trafficking and sexual exploitation conducted in South Asia, including in India, Nepal and Bangladesh, show that trafficking of children is lucrative, well organized and linked to criminal activity and corruption. It is also transnational, often hidden and therefore hard to combat.
This depressing picture is compounded by the use of teenage girls as prostitutes in countries throughout the world. An unknown but vast number of teenage girls are used for commercial sexual purposes every year, often ending up with their health destroyed, victims of various STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) or HIV/AIDS. Teenage girls are sought with the expectation that clients will not be exposed to HIV. But prostitutes do not have bargaining power. That belongs to the customers, it has confirmed almost impossible to give prostitutes bargaining power in terms of condoms. Teenage prostituted can be raped, beaten, emotionally abused, tortured, and even killed by pimps, brothel owners or clients. Some have been trafficked from one country to another. Moreover, teenage prostitutes are frequently treated as criminals by law enforcement and judicial authorities, rather than as teenage girls who are victims of sexual exploitation.
AIDS Researcher Ms. Muslem Khan Bulon said poverty, trafficking & HIV/AIDS are interrelated; especially women and girls are trafficking for use of prostitution. Teenage girls trafficked to India are at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases(STDs), including HIV/AIDS, because of India is the second largest HIV/AIDS infected country in the world, It is estimated that half of the girls in Mumbai brothels who are under the age of 18 years have been infected with HIV.
Most of trafficking girls or women would face several physical & sexual abuses. When a girl or women newly enrolls a sex industry, she tries to safe herself heard & soul, but most of the time they couldn’t free her. A survey conducted by Rainbow Nari O Shishu Kallyan Foundation that the girls forced (trafficking) into the brothels do not want to return to their homes once they are into it for more than one year. Such girls believe, they would be victim of social stigma and face discrimination from the society. They also believe, their family would suffer several social taboo, self-respect, and social-dignity.
AIDS researcher Mohammad Khairul Alam said, “Trafficking in girls and women is warmly linked to movements in search of employment opportunities. Poverty and gender discrimination make girls and women more vulnerable to traffickers and buyers. The traffickers are not accompanying the women while crossing the border. So it is difficult for the border police to arrest them. There are some female members in the trafficking gang, which helps to hide their identity. Initiatives to reduce poverty and promote gender equality are therefore of direct importance in efforts to combat trafficking.”
Mahmuda Begum
Teacher
Udayan High School
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Asia: Poverty Forcing Teenage Girls into Risky Sex Work
Women and girls make up a growing proportion of those infected by HIV/AIDS. The United Nations estimates that every day 6,000 young people aged 15 to 24 become infected with HIV. A staggering two-thirds of these new cases are adolescent women. Economic, social, and cultural factors contribute to the disparity of new HIV/AIDS cases between men and women. At the end of 2004, UNAIDS reported that women made up almost half of the 37.2 million adults (aged 15 to 49) living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. The hardest-hit regions are areas where heterosexual contact is the primary mode of transmission. This is most evident in sub-Saharan Africa, where close to 60% of adults living with HIV/AIDS are women.
Child prostitution in India is on the rise, and one third of the sex workers are being under 18 years old. The underlying causes of child trafficking include poverty and lack of economic opportunities for young people, the low status of girls, high demand for commercial sex, cheap labour, weak law enforcement, discrimination and conflict. Surveys on trafficking and sexual exploitation conducted in South Asia, including in India, Nepal and Bangladesh, show that trafficking of children is lucrative, well organized and linked to criminal activity and corruption. It is also transnational, often hidden and therefore hard to combat.
This depressing picture is compounded by the use of teenage girls as prostitutes in countries throughout the world. An unknown but vast number of teenage girls are used for commercial sexual purposes every year, often ending up with their health destroyed, victims of various STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) or HIV/AIDS. Teenage girls are sought with the expectation that clients will not be exposed to HIV. But prostitutes do not have bargaining power. That belongs to the customers, it has confirmed almost impossible to give prostitutes bargaining power in terms of condoms. Teenage prostituted can be raped, beaten, emotionally abused, tortured, and even killed by pimps, brothel owners or clients. Some have been trafficked from one country to another. Moreover, teenage prostitutes are frequently treated as criminals by law enforcement and judicial authorities, rather than as teenage girls who are victims of sexual exploitation.
AIDS Researcher Ms. Muslem Khan Bulon said poverty, trafficking & HIV/AIDS are interrelated; especially women and girls are trafficking for use of prostitution. Teenage girls trafficked to India are at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases(STDs), including HIV/AIDS, because of India is the second largest HIV/AIDS infected country in the world, It is estimated that half of the girls in Mumbai brothels who are under the age of 18 years have been infected with HIV.
Most of trafficking girls or women would face several physical & sexual abuses. When a girl or women newly enrolls a sex industry, she tries to safe herself heard & soul, but most of the time they couldn’t free her. A survey conducted by Rainbow Nari O Shishu Kallyan Foundation that the girls forced (trafficking) into the brothels do not want to return to their homes once they are into it for more than one year. Such girls believe, they would be victim of social stigma and face discrimination from the society. They also believe, their family would suffer several social taboo, self-respect, and social-dignity.
AIDS researcher Mohammad Khairul Alam said, “Trafficking in girls and women is warmly linked to movements in search of employment opportunities. Poverty and gender discrimination make girls and women more vulnerable to traffickers and buyers. The traffickers are not accompanying the women while crossing the border. So it is difficult for the border police to arrest them. There are some female members in the trafficking gang, which helps to hide their identity. Initiatives to reduce poverty and promote gender equality are therefore of direct importance in efforts to combat trafficking.”
Mahmuda Begum
Teacher
Udayan High School
Dhaka, Bangladesh
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